Syllabus, Book and WebPage
Unix, Gnu and Gnu/Linux
Terminal
Basic GNU/Linux Commands
Quiz
Python and Jupyter
Next Week
Extended Syllabus PDF
The Book of R - PDF
Course Home Page LINK
Week 1 - Presentation LINK
DataCamp - LINK
1 $ -> 8 TL
Standard -> 12$ / month
Course -> 6 month
People -> 30
8 TL * 12$ * 6 month * 30 people
17.280 TL
Filtered course for R -> 147 courses
We will have new assignments
(Dennis, Ken, PDP-11 (16-bit), 1970)
The Unix philosophy emphasizes building simple, short, clear, modular, and extensible code that can be easily maintained and repurposed by developers other than its creators.
Ken Thompson and Dennis Ritchie , 1973
Conference: “Free Software: Human Rights in Your Computer”, 2014
Linux kernel completed GNU tools. These operating systems popularly known as Linux.
Linux does not use code from UNIX.
The idea and names of commands are similar.
A computer terminal is a hardware device that is used for entering data into, and displaying or printing data from a computer or a computing system.
We are looking at inside of a folder.
(with ls command)
Terminal and a folder window
When you open the Terminal then you are in the shell.
You can write command, talk with the kernel and application
Like an interface for shell
Frequently Used Terms
Directory Commands
File Commands
Special Commands
vi Editor, Print Commands and Symbols
User, Root and Home Directory
## emirtoker
Root directory symbol; “/”. Home directory symbol; “~”.
Environments and Backup
printenv
Helps to the processes (codes, packages, softwares)
Command Line, Command
or just shell
Warning, Error, Permission Denied, Segmentation Fault
Or Fatal Error
pwd (Print Working Directory)
ls (List Directories)
cd (Change Directory)
mkdir (Make Directory)
(Print Working Directory)
## /Users/emirtoker/Desktop/Memurluk/Software_Tools_for_Earth_&_Environmental_Science/Software_Tools_R_Github/Presentation
(List Files/Directories)
## 18397_Cekmekoy_Omerli.csv
## 18397_Cekmekoy_Omerli.xlsx
## 18397_Cekmekoy_Omerli_15dk.txt
## Assessment_Test.Rmd
## Assessment_Test.html
## CPC.png
## Final_Project.Rmd
## Final_Project.html
## Final_Project.pdf
## Int_wp.png
## Int_wp_00.png
## Mean_plot.png
## MidTerm_Project.Rmd
## MidTerm_Project.html
## MidTerm_Project.pdf
## MidTerm_Project_Emir.Rmd
## MidTerm_Project_Emir.html
## MidTerm_Project_Emir.pdf
## Pdf_Week5_-_R_Language_Part_1.Rmd
## Pdf_Week5_-_R_Language_Part_1.pdf
## Pdf_Week5_-_R_Language_Part_1_files
## Presentation.Rproj
## Presentation_Week10_-_R_Programming_Part_2.Rmd
## Presentation_Week10_-_R_Programming_Part_2.html
## Presentation_Week11_-_R_Statistics.Rmd
## Presentation_Week11_-_R_Statistics.html
## Presentation_Week11_-_R_Statistics_files
## Presentation_Week12_-_R_Ek_Ders.Rmd
## Presentation_Week12_-_R_Ek_Ders.html
## Presentation_Week12_-_R_Ek_Ders_files
## Presentation_Week12_-_R_Probability.Rmd
## Presentation_Week12_-_R_Probability.html
## Presentation_Week12_-_R_Probability_files
## Presentation_Week13_-_R_Probability.Rmd
## Presentation_Week13_-_R_Probability.html
## Presentation_Week13_-_R_Probability_files
## Presentation_Week15_-_R_Probability.Rmd
## Presentation_Week15_-_R_Probability.html
## Presentation_Week1_-_Data_and_Code.Rmd
## Presentation_Week1_-_Data_and_Code.html
## Presentation_Week2_-_Linux_and_Python.Rmd
## Presentation_Week2_-_Linux_and_Python.html
## Presentation_Week2_-_Linux_and_Python.pdf
## Presentation_Week2_20-21_-_Linux_and_Python.Rmd
## Presentation_Week2_20-21_-_Linux_and_Python.html
## Presentation_Week3_-_Data_Sources_and_Download.Rmd
## Presentation_Week3_-_Data_Sources_and_Download.html
## Presentation_Week3_20-21_-_Data_Sources_and_Download.Rmd
## Presentation_Week3_20-21_-_Data_Sources_and_Download.html
## Presentation_Week4_-_Introduction_to_R.Rmd
## Presentation_Week4_-_Introduction_to_R.html
## Presentation_Week5_-_R_Language_Part_1.Rmd
## Presentation_Week5_-_R_Language_Part_1.html
## Presentation_Week7_-_R_Language_Part_3.Rmd
## Presentation_Week7_-_R_Language_Part_3.html
## Presentation_Week9_-_R_Programming_Part_1.Rmd
## Presentation_Week9_-_R_Programming_Part_1.html
## Presentation_Week9_-_R_Programming_Part_1_files
## R_and_R_Studio.jpeg
## R_and_R_Studio.png
## R_logo.jpeg
## Richard.jpg
## Rplot.png
## Shp_mean_temp.png
## Software_Tools_R_Homework2.Rmd
## Software_Tools_R_Homework2.html
## Software_Tools_R_Homework2.nb.html
## Software_Tools_R_Homework2.pdf
## Software_Tools_R_Homework3.Rmd
## Software_Tools_R_Homework3.nb.html
## Software_Tools_R_Homework3.pdf
## Software_Tools_R_Homework3_Answer.Rmd
## Software_Tools_R_Homework3_Answer.nb.html
## The_Book_of_R.png
## The_Book_of_R_small.png
## Tr_temp_mean.png
## VAPOR_HAIL_ANIME.gif
## Week1_rpubs.Rmd
## Week1_rpubs.html
## agu_pre.png
## ai.png
## algorithm.png
## alma.jpg
## alma_01.jpg
## alma_a.jpg
## alma_correlator.jpg
## alma_transporter.jpg
## anaconda.png
## analysis.png
## apache_point.jpg
## apply1.png
## apply_1.png
## arcgis.png
## arit_op.png
## array.png
## art_mean.png
## art_mean_a.png
## ascii_1.png
## ascii_2.png
## aybe_seminar.png
## ber_1.png
## ber_2.png
## big_data1.png
## binomial_r.png
## book_11th.png
## book_11th_b.png
## book_7th.png
## book_chp1.png
## book_cover_week5.png
## book_cover_week9.png
## book_flow.png
## book_flow_2020_21.png
## book_w12_a.png
## book_w12_b.png
## book_week5.png
## cd1.png
## cd2.png
## cdo.png
## cdo1.png
## cdo2.png
## cdo3.png
## cdo4.png
## cdo5.png
## cdo_00.png
## cdo_01.png
## clear.png
## clim_re_v.png
## code.png
## coercion.png
## coercion_mini.png
## command_line.png
## concept_array.png
## concept_array_q.png
## conda.png
## conditions_book.png
## corr_1.png
## corr_2.png
## corr_3.svg
## corr_4.png
## corr_4.svg
## corr_a.png
## corr_b.png
## course_github.png
## course_github_2020_21.png
## coursera.png
## covar_a.png
## covar_b.png
## covar_c.png
## cp.png
## cp1.png
## cran_metu.png
## cran_turkey.png
## cru.png
## cru_20-21.png
## curl_00.png
## cygwin.png
## data.csv
## data_analytics.png
## data_assim.jpeg
## data_assim_00.png
## data_frame.png
## data_manip.jpg
## data_mining.svg
## data_structure.png
## data_structure1.png
## data_structure1_array.png
## data_structure1_copy.png
## data_structure_copy.png
## data_types.png
## datacamp.png
## datacamp01.png
## datacamp1.png
## datacamp_11th.png
## datascience.png
## datashape.jpg
## datum.png
## dc1.png
## dc10.png
## dc11.png
## dc2.png
## dc3.png
## dc4.png
## dc5.png
## dc5a.png
## dc5aa.png
## dc5ab.png
## dc5ac.png
## dc6.png
## dc7.png
## dc8.png
## dc9.png
## dc_00.png
## dc_01.png
## dc_02.png
## dc_03.png
## dc_bash.png
## dc_w12.png
## deep.jpg
## dene_sill.Rmd
## dene_sill.html
## dene_sill_files
## denemepdf.docx
## denemepdf.html
## denemepdf.nb.html
## denemepdf.pdf
## dffile.csv
## dffile.txt
## download.png
## dropbox.png
## dt10w.png
## dt_13.png
## dt_conda.png
## dt_r_intro_20-21.png
## earth_v.png
## earthdata.png
## ed_20-21.png
## eda.png
## edx.png
## ek_anket.png
## ensemble.png
## eobs.png
## eobs_20-21.png
## era.png
## era_v.png
## esgf.png
## ex_syl_w3.png
## excel.png
## exit.png
## extended_4th_week.png
## extended_syll_2nd_week.png
## extended_syllabus.png
## extended_syllabus1.png
## extended_syllabus_2020_21.png
## extended_syllabus_3th_week.png
## fig.html
## fig.png
## fig_temp.png
## filer_folder.png
## filer_folder_00.png
## filer_folder_01.png
## filezil.png
## filezilla.png
## find.png
## five_number_summary.png
## forecast.png
## forecast_co2.png
## formula.png
## fz_00.png
## fz_01.png
## fz_02.png
## fz_03.png
## generate.png
## gfs.png
## gfs_v.png
## github.png
## github1.png
## github2.png
## github3.png
## github4.png
## gnu_logo.png
## gnu_logo_small.png
## grib.jpg
## grib_1.png
## grid_diff.jpg
## grid_sample.jpg
## gridded.jpg
## hdf5_structure.jpg
## help.png
## hist_5.png
## hist_gg.png
## history.png
## hw_quiz_flow_2020_21.png
## if1.png
## if1a.png
## if1b.png
## if1c.png
## if2.png
## if2a.png
## if3.png
## if3a.png
## if3b.png
## if3c.png
## if3d.png
## integral_fig.png
## integral_fig1.png
## iot.png
## ipcc_res.png
## july_pre.png
## jupyter.png
## jupyter_notebook.png
## kaho.png
## kernel.jpg
## kernel_00.jpg
## kernerl_01.png
## kernerl_02.png
## khanacademy.png
## knmi.png
## knmi_20-21.png
## knmi_20-21_00.png
## knmi_20-21_01.png
## knmi_20-21_02.png
## knmi_20-21_03.png
## knmi_20-21_04.png
## languages.png
## lapply2.png
## last_week.png
## last_week_2nd.png
## linus.jpeg
## linux_dist.png
## linux_logo.png
## list0.png
## list2.png
## list_1.jpg
## logic_op.png
## machine.jpg
## mat1.jpg
## mat1.png
## matrice_cut.png
## matrices.png
## matrices1.png
## mauna_loa.png
## median.png
## median_a.png
## mendeley.png
## metadata0.png
## metadata00.png
## metadata02.png
## metadata1.png
## metadata1a.png
## meted.png
## meteo_earth.png
## mining.jpg
## mining1.jpg
## mkdir1.png
## mkdir2.png
## mod.png
## model.png
## moto_bike.png
## mv.png
## my_notebook.png
## my_profile
## my_r_notebook.png
## my_r_notebook_1.png
## my_r_notebook_html.png
## my_r_notebook_pdf.png
## my_r_notebook_word.png
## my_r_team_invite.pdf
## my_r_team_invite.png
## mynewfile.png
## nc.png
## nc_open_a.png
## nc_open_b.png
## ncdf4_a.png
## ncl.png
## ncl0.png
## ncl1.png
## ncl2.png
## ncl_00.png
## ncl_01.png
## ncl_02.png
## ncl_03.png
## ncl_04.png
## ncll.png
## nco.png
## nco_diff.png
## ncview.png
## nested_grid.jpg
## netcdf.png
## netcdf_1.png
## new_data.csv
## noaa.png
## noaa_01.png
## noaa_02.png
## noaa_03.png
## noaa_04.png
## noaa_04a.png
## noaa_04b.png
## noaa_04c.png
## noaa_04d.png
## noaa_04e.png
## noaa_05.png
## noaa_06.png
## noaa_07.png
## noaa_earth.png
## normal.png
## normal_1.png
## normal_2.png
## normal_3.png
## nwp_1.png
## nwp_2.png
## observation_data.png
## orcid.png
## os.png
## overleaf.png
## page_7th.png
## page_week5.png
## panoply.png
## panoply_00.png
## pnply_a.png
## pnply_b.png
## poisson_r.png
## pop_sample.png
## practice_1_w5.png
## practice_func.png
## prepie.png
## printenv.png
## pwd_mac.png
## pwd_mac1.png
## pwd_win.png
## python.jpg
## python_term.png
## qgis.png
## qnap.jpeg
## qrt.png
## r-for-loop.png
## r-for1.png
## r-for2.png
## r-loops.png
## r-programming-data-types.png
## r-repeat-loop.png
## r-while-loop.png
## r_book_week5.png
## r_classic1.png
## r_classic2.png
## r_clust.jpg
## r_comp.png
## r_corr.png
## r_dplyr.png
## r_files.png
## r_inter.png
## r_linear.png
## r_markdown.png
## r_screen1.png
## r_screen10.png
## r_screen11.png
## r_screen12.png
## r_screen13.png
## r_screen14.png
## r_screen15.png
## r_screen16.png
## r_screen17.png
## r_screen18.png
## r_screen19.png
## r_screen2.png
## r_screen20.png
## r_screen21.png
## r_screen22.png
## r_screen23.png
## r_screen24.png
## r_screen25.png
## r_screen3.png
## r_screen4.png
## r_screen5.png
## r_screen6.png
## r_screen7.png
## r_screen8.png
## r_screen9.png
## r_script_w5.png
## r_shiny.png
## r_shiny1.png
## r_storms.gif
## r_team_members.pdf
## r_team_members.png
## r_team_pending.pdf
## r_team_pending.png
## r_terminal.png
## r_time.gif
## r_visual.png
## r_web.png
## rapor_00.png
## rapor_01.png
## raster_0.gif
## raster_dataset.png
## raster_vs_vector.png
## rcsv.png
## rdelim.png
## reanalysis.jpg
## res_spatial.gif
## researchgate.png
## rid1.png
## rid2.png
## rid3.png
## rid4.png
## rm.png
## rncdf_a.png
## robert_gentleman.jpg
## root.png
## root_fig.gif
## ross_lhaka.jpg
## rsconnect
## rstudio.png
## rstudio_cloud.png
## rstudio_down.png
## rstudio_logo.png
## rstudio_product.png
## rstudio_ubuntu.png
## rtb1.png
## rtb2.png
## sample_vs_pop.png
## sc_00.png
## sci_math.png
## sd1.png
## sd2.png
## shape_r.png
## shell_00.png
## shell_01.png
## shp.png
## shp_mask.png
## shp_tr_mean.png
## sil_notebook.Rmd
## sil_notebook.html
## sil_notebook.nb.html
## sil_notebook_files
## sil_rmarkdown.Rmd
## sil_rmarkdown.html
## sil_rmarkdown_files
## sil_sweave-concordance.tex
## sil_sweave.Rnw
## sil_sweave.log
## sil_sweave.tex
## simulation.jpg
## slide_in_r.png
## sly_20-21_3rd.png
## somenewfile.txt
## split_screen.png
## stackoverflow.png
## sublimetext.png
## summary_a.png
## summary_b.png
## summary_c.gif
## syl_w12.png
## syl_w4_20-21.png
## syllabus.png
## syllabus7_son.png
## syllabus_11th.png
## syllabus_13.png
## syllabus_20-21_1st_week.png
## syllabus_20-21_2nd_week.png
## syllabus_20-21_3rd_week.png
## syllabus_4th_week.png
## syllabus_5th.png
## syllabus_7th.png
## syllabus_9.png
## syllabus_w6.png
## syllabus_week5.png
## teamviewer.png
## term_00.png
## term_01.jpg
## terminal.png
## terminal0.png
## terminal1.png
## th_1.gif
## th_1.png
## th_2.gif
## th_2.jpg
## th_3.gif
## touch.png
## udemy.png
## udemy1.png
## udemy_20-21.png
## udemy_content_1.png
## udemy_hm1.png
## unif_a.png
## unif_b.png
## unix_develop.jpg
## unix_linux.png
## unix_pl.jpg
## var1.png
## var2.png
## var3.png
## vec_ras.jpg
## vec_rep.png
## vector-raster.gif
## vector.png
## vector1a.png
## vector1b.png
## vector_type.png
## vector_type_1.jpg
## vector_vs_raster.png
## vi_0.png
## vi_00.png
## vi_1.png
## vi_2.png
## vi_3.png
## visual.jpg
## visual_2.jpg
## w15_anket.png
## w15_b1.png
## w15_b2.png
## w15_d1.png
## w15_d1a.png
## w15_d2.png
## w15_d2a.png
## w15_mat.png
## w15_sy.png
## w4_ex_sly.png
## warning.png
## wc_01_20-21.png
## wc_20-21_02.png
## web_in_r.png
## webminal.png
## week-book.png
## week10.Rmd
## week10.html
## week10.png
## week100.png
## week10_book.png
## week11.Rmd
## week11.html
## week13.Rmd
## week13.html
## week2_sil.Rmd
## week2_sil.html
## week2_sil.log
## week2_sil.tex
## week3.Rmd
## week3.html
## week4.Rmd
## week4.html
## week4_extended_syllabus.png
## week5.Rmd
## week5.html
## week7.Rmd
## week7.html
## week9.Rmd
## week9.html
## weight_height.txt
## wetransfer.png
## wget.jpg
## wget_00.png
## what_data.svg
## win_folder.png
## windy_v.png
## wolfram-alpha.png
## wordclim.png
## wp_week3.png
## zar_2.png
## zar_a.png
## zenodo-doi.png
Workind Directory (or Path), files and folders
(Change Directory)
cd Presentation/
Double Left Click
(Make Directory)
mkdir <new_folder_name>
Right Click -> New Folder
touch
cat (Concatenate)
rm (Remove)
cp (Copy)
mv (Move)
touch <my_new_file>
Rigth Click -> New -> New File (no extension like .txt)
(Concatenate)
cat my_new_file
This is my new file. Hi!
Show inside file
(Copy)
cp my_new_file my_new_file2
Right Click -> Copy and Paste, (with Rename)
(Move)
mv my_new_file2 my_new_file3
Right Click -> Cut and Paste (or Rename)
(Remove)
rm my_new_file my_new_file3
Right Click -> Delete
find
help
history
clear
date and cal
exit
find -name <name_of_file>
Search Bar
find --help
How to use and information, for a command
history
clear
## Fri Nov 6 16:35:56 +03 2020
## November 2020
## Su Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa
## 1 2 3 4 5 _ _6 7
## 8 9 10 11 12 13 14
## 15 16 17 18 19 20 21
## 22 23 24 25 26 27 28
## 29 30
##
exit
vi editor is a screen-oriented text editor originally created for the Unix operating system. (we can also use in Unix-like systems). You can save and run you code
It works in terminal, (so looks similar with terminal)
vi
esc (default mode)
i (insert mode)
:q (just quit)
:q! (don’t save and quit)
:qw (write/save and quit)
grep and echo
head and tail
sed (stream editor)
go to webminal.org
(Default Mode)
(Insert Mode)
(Write/Save and Quit)
cat my_profile
grep my_profile
grep ITU my_profile
echo my_profile
name=Emir
echo $name
cat shows the inside
grep is searching for something
echo just prints it directly (or logically)
we can assign someting with ‘=’ basically
head my_profile
tail my_profile
head shows first ten rows
tail shows last ten rows
(Stream Editor)
Replacing or substituting string;
sed 's/ITU/ODTU/' my_profile
sed '5d' my_profile
cat my_profile
sed, just prints it as rewrite
* (an unknown sroup of characters)cat my_profile | sort
ls > my_list
x=3
echo $x
ls my*
ls ?y_list*
script is a text of codes, consist of tasks
script can work as computer programs or every where every time
shell works with script (shell script)
echo $SHELL
touch my_bash_script.sh
vi my_bash_script.sh
x=5
y=3
echo $((x+y))
bash my_bash_script.sh
8
<my_new_dir>)<my_new_dir> (change your directory)<my_new_file>)<my_new_file> at the parent directory (move it)<my_new_file_2><my_new_dir>Rules
Ex for True and False type
Introduction to Gnu/Linux
Go to kahoot.it
GCC : GNU Compiler Collection
vi new.py
x=5+3
print(x)
print('i did it')
python new.py
8
jupyter notebook
Data Fortmats, Sources and Download
NCL, nco, cdo